線切(qie)割機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)部(bu)分是基(ji)礎，其精度直接影(ying)響(xiang)到機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)精度，也影(ying)響(xiang)到電(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)的(de)(de)發揮。機(ji)(ji)械(xie)系統(tong)由(you)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)床(chuang)(chuang)身、坐(zuo)(zuo)標工作(zuo)臺、運(yun)(yun)絲機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、線架機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、錐(zhui)度機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、潤滑系統(tong)等(deng)組成。機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)床(chuang)(chuang)身通(tong)(tong)常(chang)為箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou)，是提供各(ge)部(bu)件的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)平臺，而(er)且與機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)精度密切(qie)相關。坐(zuo)(zuo)標工作(zuo)臺通(tong)(tong)常(chang)由(you)十字拖板(ban)、滾動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)導軌、絲桿運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)副、齒輪傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)等(deng)部(bu)分組成。主(zhu)要是與電(dian)(dian)極絲之間的(de)(de)相對運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，來(lai)(lai)完成對工件的(de)(de)加工。運(yun)(yun)絲機(ji)(ji)構(gou)是由(you)儲絲筒、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)、齒輪副、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、換向裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)和(he)絕緣(yuan)件等(deng)部(bu)分組成，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和(he)儲絲筒連(lian)軸連(lian)接轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，用來(lai)(lai)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)極絲按(an)一定(ding)線速度移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，并將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)極絲整齊地排繞(rao)在儲絲筒上(shang)(shang)。線架分單立柱懸臂式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)雙立柱龍(long)門式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。單立柱懸臂式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)臂，一般下(xia)(xia)臂是固定(ding)的(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)臂可(ke)(ke)升降移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，導輪安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在線架上(shang)(shang)，用來(lai)(lai)支撐電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)絲。錐(zhui)度機(ji)(ji)構(gou)可(ke)(ke)分搖(yao)擺(bai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)十字拖板(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou)，搖(yao)擺(bai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)臂通(tong)(tong)過(guo)杠(gang)桿轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)來(lai)(lai)完成，一般用在大錐(zhui)度機(ji)(ji)。十字拖板(ban)型通(tong)(tong)過(guo)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)使電(dian)(dian)極絲伸縮來(lai)(lai)完成，一般適(shi)用在小錐(zhui)度機(ji)(ji)。潤滑系統(tong)用來(lai)(lai)緩(huan)解機(ji)(ji)件磨(mo)損、增加機(ji)(ji)械(xie)效率、減輕功率損耗。可(ke)(ke)起到冷卻(que)、緩(huan)蝕、吸振、減小噪(zao)音之作(zuo)用。

線(xian)切割機床的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)液(ye)系統(tong)一(yi)般由工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)液(ye)箱、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)液(ye)泵、進液(ye)管、回液(ye)管、流量控制閥、過濾(lv)(lv)網罩或過濾(lv)(lv)芯等組成。主要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)集(ji)中放電能量、帶走放電熱量以冷卻電極(ji)絲和工(gong)(gong)件、排(pai)除(chu)電蝕(shi)產物(wu)等。

臟一直是(shi)(shi)線切(qie)割(ge)(ge)加工(gong)的(de)(de)代名(ming)詞，這也是(shi)(shi)線切(qie)割(ge)(ge)師傅難找、現在很多年輕人不愿意做線切(qie)割(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)主要原(yuan)因。線切(qie)割(ge)(ge)加工(gong)中(zhong)需要切(qie)割(ge)(ge)液，切(qie)割(ge)(ge)液的(de)(de)主要成分是(shi)(shi)乳化液或乳化油(you)，在混(hun)合了線切(qie)割(ge)(ge)加工(gong)中(zhong)產生的(de)(de)腐蝕物后就會變成非常難清(qing)理的(de)(de)油(you)污。

線切割加工產生(sheng)的油污

傳(chuan)統線切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)機床大多(duo)使用(yong)油(you)(you)基(ji)型(xing)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)液，這種切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)液是(shi)油(you)(you)性切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)液，混合了放電加(jia)(jia)工的腐蝕物后(hou)就(jiu)會變得陳烏黑粘稠的油(you)(you)污，讓整個(ge)機床和工件都(dou)包裹上一(yi)層厚厚的油(you)(you)污，是(shi)線切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)加(jia)(jia)工中(zhong)大家恐懼的。這種油(you)(you)基(ji)型(xing)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)液還有一(yi)個(ge)致命(ming)缺(que)點就(jiu)是(shi)無(wu)法過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)，如果(guo)使用(yong)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)系統會導(dao)致切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)液的油(you)(you)性同事被過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)掉，從而失(shi)去效果(guo)，所(suo)以使用(yong)油(you)(you)基(ji)型(xing)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)液會不可避免(mian)的帶來油(you)(you)污。

線切割水基加(jia)工液加(jia)工環境

還有一種(zhong)是目前市場上用的zui多的水(shui)基型(xing)環保(bao)(bao)液，這種切割液是純乳化液皂(zao)化液，不含油性，在加工使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)更干凈環保(bao)(bao)且好清(qing)理。水(shui)基型(xing)切割液還(huan)有一個優點(dian)就是它可以使(shi)(shi)用(yong)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)裝置來提升潔凈度和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)，這也是很多環保(bao)(bao)型(xing)線切割機床會配備(bei)高壓過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)水(shui)箱(xiang)的原因。

解決線(xian)切割油(you)污的方法(fa)不多，主要還是(shi)選擇水基型環保(bao)(bao)液、然后配(pei)備高壓過濾水箱(xiang)(xiang)，并(bing)且勤換(huan)切割液，經常(chang)清理機(ji)床工(gong)(gong)作臺和水箱(xiang)(xiang)。這樣就能保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)線(xian)切割機(ji)床在加工(gong)(gong)中能夠保(bao)(bao)持一(yi)個相對干凈環保(bao)(bao)的良好狀態！