線切割機床的工(gong)作原理：

　　（1）數(shu)控線(xian)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)機床在(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)，切(qie)(qie)割(ge)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)（銅絲或鉬(mu)絲）和工(gong)(gong)件(jian)之間(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)有20KHz、150v的(de)(de)直流脈沖電(dian)(dian)壓。電(dian)(dian)極絲與工(gong)(gong)件(jian)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)脈沖放電(dian)(dian)。當刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)和工(gong)(gong)件(jian)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)距離足(zu)夠近(jin)時(shi)（約0.01mm），電(dian)(dian)壓擊穿冷卻切(qie)(qie)削(xue)液(ye)介質，在(zai)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)和工(gong)(gong)件(jian)靠(kao)近(jin)的(de)(de)全長(chang)上均勻放電(dian)(dian)，高(gao)能量密度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)火花放電(dian)(dian)瞬間(jian)(jian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)可以達到(dao)7000℃或更高(gao)，高(gao)溫(wen)使(shi)被切(qie)(qie)削(xue)金(jin)屬(shu)瞬間(jian)(jian)汽化(hua)，生(sheng)成金(jin)屬(shu)氧化(hua)物，熔融于切(qie)(qie)削(xue)液(ye)中(zhong)，被移動中(zhong)的(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)帶出加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)區域(yu)。

　　（2）電極(ji)絲沿其軸向（垂(chui)直或Z方向）作走絲運動。

　　（3）工件(jian)相(xiang)對于(yu)電極絲在X、Y平面內作數控運動

　　基本物(wu)(wu)理原理是自由正離(li)子和電(dian)(dian)子在場中積累，很快(kuai)(kuai)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一個被(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)離(li)的(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)通道(dao)。在這(zhe)個階段(duan)，兩(liang)板間(jian)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)流。導(dao)致粒子間(jian)發生無(wu)數次碰撞，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一個等離(li)子區，并很快(kuai)(kuai)升高(gao)(gao)到(dao)(dao)8000到(dao)(dao)12000度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫，在兩(liang)導(dao)體(ti)表面瞬間(jian)熔(rong)化(hua)一些材(cai)料，同時，由于電(dian)(dian)極和電(dian)(dian)介液(ye)的(de)(de)汽化(hua)，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一個氣泡(pao)，并且它的(de)(de)壓(ya)力規則上升直到(dao)(dao)非常高(gao)(gao)。然后電(dian)(dian)流中斷(duan)，溫度(du)(du)(du)突然降(jiang)低，引起氣泡(pao)內向爆(bao)炸，產生的(de)(de)動力把(ba)溶化(hua)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)質拋出彈坑(keng)，然后被(bei)(bei)(bei)腐蝕(shi)的(de)(de)材(cai)料在電(dian)(dian)介液(ye)中重新凝結成(cheng)(cheng)小的(de)(de)球體(ti)，并被(bei)(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)介液(ye)排走。然后通過NC控制的(de)(de)監測和管控，伺(si)服機構執行(xing)，使這(zhe)種放電(dian)(dian)現象均勻(yun)一致，從而達到(dao)(dao)加工物(wu)(wu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)加工，使之成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)合乎要求之尺寸大(da)小及(ji)形(xing)(xing)狀精度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)產品(pin)。

線(xian)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)是一種利用(yong)數(shu)控電火花來(lai)進行切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)加工(gong)的一種數(shu)控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)，操(cao)(cao)作人(ren)員可以用(yong)數(shu)字(zi)來(lai)對(dui)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)操(cao)(cao)作切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)運動，使用(yong)電火花來(lai)對(dui)產品進行低速切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)或者高速切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)的一種切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)。這種機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)操(cao)(cao)作十分簡(jian)單(dan)，操(cao)(cao)作人(ren)員只(zhi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)控制臺上面(mian)直接下操(cao)(cao)作指(zhi)令(ling)就可以，這些指(zhi)令(ling)全部為(wei)數(shu)字(zi)組成。操(cao)(cao)作人(ren)員在(zai)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)控制臺上面(mian)只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)的工(gong)件(jian)的切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)藝進行數(shu)字(zi)編程，在(zai)進行切(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)操(cao)(cao)作的時候，只(zhi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)操(cao)(cao)作數(shu)字(zi)就可以了。

線(xian)切割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)作原理當中(zhong)最(zui)為重要就是使用(yong)移動金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)絲來(lai)作為電(dian)(dian)極工(gong)(gong)具(ju)，而線(xian)切割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)機床當中(zhong)的(de)運絲架可以(yi)把金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)絲和需(xu)要進行切割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)工(gong)(gong)件聯系(xi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)，在這個兩個的(de)中(zhong)間(jian)再用(yong)脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)流進行沖擊(ji)，這樣金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)絲和脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)會產生化學(xue)反映，對待切割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)件切割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)位置起(qi)(qi)到腐蝕(shi)作用(yong)，就這樣完成(cheng)整個工(gong)(gong)件切割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)過程。

對于(yu)線(xian)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)機(ji)床(chuang)整個切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)原理，先是根(gen)據客戶(hu)所要切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)件具(ju)體要求，對數控裝置(zhi)(zhi)設置(zhi)(zhi)，也(ye)就是說需要操作(zuo)人員在(zai)控制臺上(shang)輸入切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)編程設置(zhi)(zhi)，之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)在(zai)把金屬絲(si)進行放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)，將導輪安裝好(hao)(hao)，電絲(si)和金屬絲(si)應該(gai)放(fang)在(zai)一起，之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)在(zai)把需要進行切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)件放(fang)到機(ji)床(chuang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺上(shang)面，把噴(pen)嘴安裝好(hao)(hao)，絕緣板放(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)。操作(zuo)人員啟動(dong)機(ji)床(chuang)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，并輸入已(yi)經設定好(hao)(hao)的工(gong)(gong)件切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)數字，切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)機(ji)器就會(hui)按照(zhao)安裝設定好(hao)(hao)的運(yun)動(dong)路線(xian)進行操作(zuo)。

工(gong)(gong)(gong)件與電極絲連接的中間(jian)使用的電流沖擊，所(suo)以會產生相(xiang)關高溫化(hua)學(xue)反應，對切割工(gong)(gong)(gong)件實(shi)行(xing)腐蝕(shi)切割，并且(qie)完成客戶要求的切割工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝要求，這里要注意一點，機床采(cai)用絲電級來切割工(gong)(gong)(gong)件，這種(zhong)只能夠做到輪廓(kuo)切割加工(gong)(gong)(gong)。