機床概述

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)花(hua)線切(qie)割的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)原理是利用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件進行脈沖(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)實現加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)花(hua)線切(qie)割加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無需制作成型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，采用細金屬絲(si)(si)（通(tong)(tong)常叫做鉬(mu)絲(si)(si)）作為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)。脈沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)正極(ji)(ji)接(jie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件，負極(ji)(ji)接(jie)鉬(mu)絲(si)(si)；鉬(mu)絲(si)(si)以一定的(de)(de)(de)速度往返運動(dong)，它(ta)不斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)進入和(he)(he)離開放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)域；同時在鉬(mu)絲(si)(si)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件之間(jian)噴入液體介質。操作者只要有效的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制鉬(mu)絲(si)(si)現對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)速度和(he)(he)軌跡，就能切(qie)割出所要求的(de)(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)和(he)(he)尺寸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)軌跡是通(tong)(tong)過坐標工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺（縱(zong)橫向二臺受控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)步進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機）作X、Y向運動(dong)而(er)形成的(de)(de)(de)。

DK系(xi)列數控線切割機(ji)床主(zhu)機(ji)是有(you)床身、工作(zuo)(zuo)臺、運(yun)(yun)絲(si)裝置(zhi)、線架(jia)、冷(leng)卻液箱、機(ji)床電器、附件等部件組成(cheng)。它以床身為基礎，工作(zuo)(zuo)臺、運(yun)(yun)絲(si)裝置(zhi)、線架(jia)安裝在床身的(de)同一(yi)基面上(shang)。

下面分別介紹：

1）床身

床身是(shi)箱型樹脂砂鑄鐵件，是(shi)整體鑄造結構，其上(shang)部安裝(zhuang)工作(zuo)臺，貯絲筒、線架、照明(ming)燈等部件。

2）工作臺

工作臺主要(yao)由工作臺面、中(zhong)拖板、滾(gun)(gun)珠絲(si)(si)杠(gang)及變速齒輪箱等組成，拖板的(de)縱橫(heng)運(yun)動(dong)采用滾(gun)(gun)珠導軌結構(gou)，分(fen)別(bie)由步進電機(ji)經兩對消隙齒輪傳動(dong)絲(si)(si)杠(gang)來(lai)實現工作臺運(yun)動(dong)。滾(gun)(gun)珠絲(si)(si)杠(gang)具有傳動(dong)精度高、效(xiao)率高、壽(shou)命長等優點。

3）運絲裝置

貯(zhu)絲(si)(si)筒(tong)由(you)薄壁空心圓柱(zhu)體構成。電動(dong)(dong)(dong)機通過(guo)(guo)連接器(qi)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)貯(zhu)絲(si)(si)筒(tong)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，同時貯(zhu)絲(si)(si)筒(tong)的往(wang)復移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)來自(zi)經過(guo)(guo)齒輪(lun)變速后(hou)的絲(si)(si)杠來帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)運絲(si)(si)裝置拖板。

貯(zhu)絲(si)筒拖(tuo)板的頻繁換向采(cai)用(yong)一組感(gan)應開關(guan)控制，結構簡單(dan)運(yun)作(zuo)靈(ling)敏，左右撞塊(kuai)上備有(you)過載保(bao)險裝(zhuang)置，當感(gan)應開關(guan)換向失靈(ling)后，切斷運(yun)絲(si)馬達電流。

4）線架

鉬絲似一根(gen)封閉的傳(chuan)動帶，是由卷絲筒帶動其(qi)往復(fu)工作(zuo)，排絲輪和一對(dui)主(zhu)導(dao)輪被鉬絲包繞循環(huan)運轉著(zhu)。

   ;      導輪采(cai)用密封式節鉬絲垂(chui)直。

5）冷卻液箱

水泵把(ba)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)液送至加工(gong)(gong)區域(yu)，沉渣積聚在臟物(wu)箱內，必須定期清理(li)，工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)冷(leng)卻(que)液用DX-1皂化液。

   6）附(fu)件

①夾具(ju)：成組的夾具(ju)以固定平板(ban)形式或圓柱形工(gong)件，系壓板(ban)螺釘結(jie)構，用(yong)T型螺絲把夾具(ju)固定于工(gong)作(zuo)臺上。

②搖把：用(yong)于繞(rao)絲(si)(si)是轉動貯絲(si)(si)筒(tong)。

③緊絲輪：用于手動張緊鉬絲。

性能特點：

1、機床床身(shen)采用樹脂(zhi)砂鑄件，經(jing)過二次回火變形(xing)小，強度大(da)。

2、具有性能(neng)穩(wen)定，輸出功率大，切割速度快，表面光潔度高，鉬(mu)絲損(sun)耗小等特(te)點。超(chao)低(di)的鉬(mu)絲損(sun)耗，大幅(fu)度降低(di)加工(gong)成(cheng)本。

3、編控一體化(hua)：復雜圖形(xing)可經CAD轉換DXF圖，加工圖形(xing)實時(shi)跟蹤(zong)，多種加工狀態顯示(shi)，還(huan)具備停電記(ji)憶，短路回退(tui)，斷絲保護(hu)，自動停機，任(ren)意角旋(xuan)轉等功(gong)能。

4.采用品牌線切(qie)割專用變頻器控制運絲電(dian)機(ji)，無(wu)極調速，配(pei)合(he)感(gan)應開關無(wu)觸點換向，換向時無(wu)火花干(gan)擾，無(wu)換向噪聲，電(dian)機(ji)運行平穩，提高機(ji)床(chuang)工作可靠性和安全性。